Metric Multistandard Components Case 3 Corp. Essay

With 22,000 customers, 48,800 cataloged parts, and 150 employees working in five U.S. locations and an office in Germany, the last thing John Bellnier needs is an unreliable network. Yet that’s exactly what he contended with for years as IT manager at Metric Multistandard Components Corp. (MMCC). MMCC may still be classified as a small business by some standards, but this small-to-medium business (SMB) definitely has been a big-time success story in its industry. MMCC was founded in 1963 by three Czech immigrants in Yonkers, New York, and has grown into one of the largest U.S. distributors of metric industrial fasteners. In the last 10 years business has doubled, reaching $20 million in sales in 2005, and growing just as fast in†¦show more content†¦After discussing the business costs, risks, and benefits of Hi-Link’s plan, MMCC executives agreed to the proposal and the following key project objectives: Goal Create a business network for MMCC with higher reliability, security, and scalability, but lower costs, than the existing externally managed network. Strategy Design an IP (Internet Protocol) network with advanced technologies for high availability and efficient network and security management, which can be operated by a very small IT department. Technology Use virtual private network technologies to connect remote offices and users securely and facilitate company expansion. Support After designing and quickly implementing a secure network foundation based on Cisco products, Hi-Link will help MMCC with technical support whenever needed. Once the consulting contract was signed. Hi-Link began working with Cisco and the local telecom company to install the telecommunications lines needed for the new network. When those were in place, it took less than a week to deploy the Cisco routers, switches, and other telecommunications hardware preconfigured by Hi-Link. â€Å"Hi-Link made this implementation effortless by working efficiently at the best times for us,†

The Vulnerabilities Of Passwords And Security Essay

Introduction Passwords for access to personal phones, computers, online portals, and websites has become very prevalent and the best practice for authentication. Additionally, passwords authenticate mobile phones, computer networks and databases for many software applications. However, ensuring that passwords are encrypted, and safe have become one of the greatest challenges for most organizations. This paper will review some of the vulnerabilities of the use of passwords and provide controls to implementation to assist with the management and handling of passwords. Ineffectiveness of Passwords We are living in an information-driven world today that requires us to protect what and how we share this information. To access the guarded data or information we want to protect requires either a password or a pin. A password is a string or group of combined characters precise in length. Passwords and pins are suppositional, and more consideration is seriously required. They are the primary defense against intrusion. However, they can be easily captured and deciphered by cyber criminals. The security in this area is challenging due to the ineffectiveness of the creation of passwords and pins. Kirushnaamoni (2013) elicits that making logging in straightforward and convenient for users and trying to prevent password cracking is problematic. Cyber criminals will continue to persist and target the vulnerabilities in this area. Therefore, personally, financial, health andShow MoreRelatedNetwork Security Measures Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesIdentify Security Measures Which A ddress These Threats and Vulnerabilities Any network is vulnerable at its weakest point and perpetrators will try to get in any way that they can. Some just to see if they can and others for manipulated personal gain. Security measures, policy and procedures are written and tailored to meet the specific needs of an organization. Security tools are installed on networks to keep out cyber criminals. Vulnerability is a weakness in a security system. A threatRead MoreVulnerability Assessment Of The Network Security1281 Words   |  6 Pages(2013), the rapid growth of networking has led to increased security risks. Many of these risks are as result of hacking, improper uses of network resources and network device vulnerabilities. Awareness of the various weaknesses and vulnerabilities is vital to the success of current networks (Kizza, 2013). The network security incidents are increasing at a disturbing rate every year. As the complexity of these threats increases, so do the security measures required to protect networks. Enterprise dataRead MoreThe Flaw Of A Computer Environment1670 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment is that of password strength. This can be controlled through a minimum strength requirement as discussed later with the use of Active Directory (see: Additional – Network). In computer terms, password strength is evaluated as bits. As a general rule, the more bits a password contains, the longer it would take to break (Profis, 2012). According to the MSDN, the â€Å"†¦ use of strong passwords can slow or defeat the various attack methods of compromising a [computer’s] security† (Microsoft DeveloperRead MoreWhy Do Networking Components Need More Examination From An Information Security Perspective?1203 Words   |  5 Pages1. (1 point) Why do networking components need more examinati on from an information security perspective? Ans: Because networking components and subsystems are usually the central point of attack against the system. They intensively need more examination from an information security perspective. 2. (3 points) What value does an automated asset inventory system have for the risk identification process? Provide two specific examples of how a company can lose track of its assets? Ans: An automated assetRead MoreWeb Application Of Web Applications1162 Words   |  5 PagesWEB APPLICATION SECURITY Table of Contents Introduction to Web Application†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....04 Web Application Attacks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦04 Common Application Attacks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦05 Injection Vulnerability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...06 Cross-Site Scripting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...07 Broken Authentication and Session Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.07 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.08 List of Tables and Figures Web Application Exposed StructureRead MoreCis333 Week 5 Lab 4699 Words   |  3 Pages 1. Define why change control management is relevant to security operations in an organization. †¢ Change control is a precision arrangement of managing every change made to a system. This is to ensure that no unneeded changes are done, that every change is documented, and that no service is disrupted unless absolutely necessary, and that all resources efficiently used. 2. What type of access control system uses security labels? †¢ A LBA C Label Base Access Control Read MoreMalicious Attack : Malicious Attacks And Threats That Could Be Carried Out Against The Network1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe three specific potential malicious attacks and threats that could be carried out against the network and organization are malicious attack, malicious, and the risk, threats, and vulnerabilities that is carried out against the network and organization. Malicious Attack is an attempt to forcefully abuse or take advantage of someone s computer, whether through computer viruses, social engineering, phishing, or other types of social engineering. Malicious Attack have four general categories of attacksRead MoreCyber Security Vulnerabilities : Information Systems And Network1614 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Security Vulnerabilities Abstract There are several cyber security vulnerabilities that organizations and individuals need to consider to protect the integrity and confidentiality of their computer systems and networks. These vulnerabilities include software and hardware, intranet, enterprise network, wide and local area network, and transmission media. This paper, therefore, focuses on software and hardware vulnerabilities as the most important and the reasons it is the most important. TheRead MoreTechnology And Systems Administration Has Prompted Expanded Security Dangers Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesindicated by Kizza (2013), the fast development of systems administration has prompted expanded security dangers. A large portion of these dangers are an aftereffect of hacking, uncalled for employments of system assets and system gadget vulnerabilities. Familiarity with the different shortcomings and vulnerabilities is fundamental to the achievement of current systems (Kizza, 2013). The system security occurrences are expanding at an exasperating rate each year. As the multifaceted nature of theseRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The Way Users Work1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthreats, and digital attacks,intruders. INTRODUCTION Computer security is the use of computing technology to perform a job or task properly and making sure that the system is work properly. Security is the process that requires input from the entire organization to be effective and efficient. The computer risk assessment is a very fundamental part of any computing network. As this cyber-crime is increasingly exponentially, therefore security risk assessment is essential to check what are the loopholes

Bilingual special education Free Essays

According to Figueroa, January 1999 combination of bilingual education with special education offers an interesting example on what should not happen in educational evolution and reform. In United States there is inconsistent interface between bilingual and special education offering basis for unique form of significant dialogue between United States, Latin America and Mexico on children education that didn’t not thrive in general education programs and who later wind up in special education or remedial classrooms. The main arguments of this article are on psychological and medical underpinnings on current bilingual special education modus in Western Hemisphere that has survived its usefulness. We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual special education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Educational paradigms are the main focus to guide behavior of special educators in achieving learning needs of students with disabilities. Figueroa argues that, this is the time for diminution of the functions of regulations, with significance given on diagnostic and predictive evaluation, stressing on ritualized and detailed system for establishing Individualized Educational Programs with belief on power of drills, contingent reinforcement, skills and enough conditions for actuating high-order mental processes (Figueroa, 324). Figueroa, January 1999 argued that, for the underachievers a different vision and a new skepticism is required for current beliefs and practices in bilingual and special education. For bilingual and special education, educators should increase use of presentations which is recommended as â€Å"do more† principle. Increased use of tests and state-based regulatory edifices should be used. Bilingual and special education offer more interesting strategy on educational reformation. Despite the importance and strength of bilingual special education in United States, it lacks crucial components. There is no theoretical grounding that would serve in explaining and guiding bilingual special education with clear acknowledgment on the thirty year old literature and that questions the diagnostic, regulatory, pedagogical and structural foundations of bilingual special education (Figueroa, 326). The article, Critical pedagogy in a Bilingual Special Education Classroom by Goldstein, 1995 explains application of critical pedagogical principles in first and second grade of bilingual special class for Latino children with limited proficiency in English. Teachers of bilingual special education face difficult challenges especially in evaluating learning disabilities. Those ESL students with disabilities are deprived intervention because teachers are reluctant in categorizing them with learning disability. Teachers really struggle with question of examining ESL students and they have to understand the link between ESL students and evaluation for special education. According to Goldstein, 1995 teacher’s assessment on ESL students is wrong. Many students are miscategorized having learning disabilities because of their failure to respond to instructions they get from teachers (Goldstein, 463). The problem is that skill-based instructions don’t work in most cases and they even result in establishment of learned learning disability. Goldstein argued that, bicultural and bilingual students have signs of learning disabilities not because they have cognitive abnormalities but because of difficulties to adjust to the dominant school culture. Teachers use innovative approach in educating bilingual students which is known as critical pedagogy based on theoretical work. This focuses more on the style of whole-language in teaching literacy. Teachers tailor their lessons on personal lives of students more so on social and economic difficulties they have experienced. She concludes that many students in ESL have no learning disabilities and they negatively respond to instructions they get from their teachers in classroom based on the dominant school culture. The strength of this article is that bilingual students can not be evaluated in same way as those native English speaking students. The best way of evaluated ESL students with learning disabilities is by use of wide array of evaluation approaches like standardized testing on phonological awareness with close observation on students in multiple contexts. The weakness part of it is that, this article doesn’t give full information on what should be done to the student thus more research should be done to find most cost-effective and accurate ways of evaluating ESL students. This problem is facing many schools and will continue to grow within United States in those non English Speaking populations (Goldstein, 467). The article, school-based bilingual special education teacher assistance teams by Harris, 1995 discusses establishment of school-based bilingual special education teams mainly on Hispanic school situation located in urban southwest city. Intervention and preferred screening involves identification of problems which students experience regularly in classroom, they identify the source of the problem either from teachers, students, environment or curriculum and finds ways of dealing with the problem in regular classroom. This eliminates unsuitable and unnecessary referrals to bilingual special education. Implementation of pre-referral intervention process in which teachers are helped in remediation of the problems should be avoided and help teacher remediate problems experienced by children in classroom. This achieved through team of teachers, other colleagues and school support personnel. Teacher Assistance Teams should be used in selecting peers to facilitate pre-referral problem solving. This team discusses problems facing students and think of any possible solution they develop plan of action which is implemented by referring teachers (Harris, 418). This team decides whether students should be referred to bilingual special education or not. To minimize cases of students being referred to bilingual special education, this pre-referral procedure helps teachers in designing and implementing educational interventions which is effective in the least restrictive environment and regular classroom. For the teachers to ensure that special programs by not using special education as a dumping ground for students with limited-English-proficient it is an imperative that LEP students be thoroughly tested. In each possible formal and informal evaluation process should be applied in determining functioning level of students who are handicapped. There should be more research on development of language and acquisition of second language should be considered with research on cognitive development, neurolinguistic, psychological functioning and bilinguistic (Harris, 424). The article bilingual special education teachers shifting paradigms: complex responses to educational reform by Ruiz and Robert argues on nature and procedure of change among the five main bilingual special education teachers which are attempted in order to transform already existing instructional practices. Change process is affected by three factors namely; more special education training of teachers in teachers’ background with their strong reductionism orientation, change which involves shift in instructional practices and shift in beliefs and they don’t obvious go hand in hand and at the start of stages of collaboration change is most facilitated including practicing members of teachers’ occupational community as agents of change (Ruiz and Robert, 624). Paradigm of shift is a radical change in education system to cater for all students even those with learning disabilities. This helps in transforming people with severe disabilities academically. Programs and service systems which are more responsive to education of people with disabilities are used. Training methodologies and materials for those people with disabilities are used. Joining bilingual special education of those students with disabilities offer an interesting example on what should not be done in terms of educational evolution and reforms. This article argues mostly on the psychological and medical reinforcement of bilingual special education with teachers shift paradigm to cater for students with learning disabilities. Education paradigm shift is used by teachers to meet needs of these students (Ruiz and Robert, 631). Works Cited Figueroa, Richard, â€Å"Special Education for Latino Students in the United States,† Bilingual Review, Vol. 24, No. 1, 324-327, January, 1999 Goldstein, Barbara, â€Å"Critical pedagogy in a Bilingual Special Education Classroom,† Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 28, No. 8, pp. 463-475, October, 1995 Harris, Kathleen, â€Å"School-Based Bilingual Special Education Teacher Assistance Teams,† Remedial Special Education, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 419-425, November, 1995 Ruiz, Nadeen T. , and Robert Rueda, â€Å"Bilingual Special Education Teachers Shifting Paradigms: Complex Responses To Educational Reform,† Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 28, No. 10, 622-635, December, 1995 How to cite Bilingual special education, Papers

Benefits of Organic Food free essay sample

Organic food, once only found in health food stores, is now a consistent element at local supermarkets. So what is the difference between a conventionally grown apple and an organic one? The answer is in the way the crop is grown and what it is and is not exposed to. In order to be labeled â€Å"organic† the farmer who grew it used renewable resources and conservation of soil and water methods. Also, organic farmers do not use conventional pesticides or weed killers, which may contain synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge. According to Fisher, Sewage sludge from municipalities waste may contain heavy metals and toxins . . . † (1). Rather, organic farmers use sophisticated crop rotations, spread mulch and manure, and even hand pull weeds to keep them away. Instead of applying pesticides, they use beneficial insects and birds or traps to keep pests from harming the crop. The organic apple at the grocery store was never exposed to pesticides, chemicals, additives or preservatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Organic Food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pesticides may cause harmful effects to the nervous system and mild skin and eye irritations. Chemicals used in additives and preservatives may disrupt the natural rebuilding of cells and your resistance to disease diminishes after continued exposure to these chemicals according to Lagerquist. According to the USDA, instead of these harmful ingredients, the organic apple has higher levels of minerals, vitamin C and antioxidants. Vitamin C is helpful in protecting your immune system, decreasing cardiovascular disease and promotes healthy skin. Antioxidants protect cells against free radicals that create destructive processes in the cells. Besides being beneficial to your health, organic food has a positive impact on the environment. Farming organic food allows for less groundwater to become contaminated that in the process of farming conventional crops. This is because organic crops are never exposed to harmful chemicals that can seep into the ground and infect our groundwater. This absence of chemicals in the ground water also means that the quality of the soil is greater. When the soil is not exposed to chemicals such as pesticides and insecticides, it is able to be of better quality. With better soil quality, comes stronger crops for years to come. Another benefit to the environment is that organic crops increase biodiversity. Biodiversity is created because the absence of chemical inputs creates a habitat suitable for wildlife. Also, because there is no insecticides used farmers of organic farms are forced to use natural pest control methods. This means that to control one type of pest, the famer has to bring in other pests to kill it, creating a diverse farm. Organic farms also do not use synthetic fertilizers, so one way to keep the soil up is to bring in different types of worms, arthropods, and microbes. These animals stabilize and detoxify soil. Organic farming also helps the environment by using conservation methods. Organic farms are planted where the crops could grow naturally, instead of clearing away land for the purpose of planting there. They also conserve soil by not only planting the crop, but also planting other vegetation where there are places crops are not growing to make sure the topsoil does not get blown away by the elements. Crop rotating is also used. This is when the farmer plants more than one crop in the same place. For example, one year the farmer might plant corn in field, but the next year he plants beans. This process of crop rotation increases the soils productivity and reduces need for farm land. Organic farmers do not use harmful fertilizers. Instead, they take advantage of reusable waste options. These options include human waste and waste from the farm animals. These natural fertilizers do not contain harmful ingredients and it also allows farms to ‘go green’ in a sense that the waste is not going elsewhere. Another environmentally-friendly practice that organic farmers use is tilling. Tilling stirs up the topsoil of farms and makes it so that the soil does not become compact. Compacted soil can result in soil that is unable to create a run-off surface. If this happens, the water will be unable to seep into the soil and irrigate the crop. Tractors passing over soil can cause this compaction to occur, which is why tilling is a more effective way to stir up the soil. And as a bonus, tilling can help get rid of weeds, so it is a win win. Pesticides and preservatives are not only harmful to human beings, but they are also harmful to our environment and ecosystems. Pesticides used in organic farming may run-off and contaminate nearby bodies of water. If enough contaminated run-off from pesticides and artificial fertilizers get into water, it is able to poison animals and fish that live there. According to Raloff, recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to hormones has a substantial effect on the gender and reproductive capacity of fish, throwing off the natural cycle, (1). This is not only harmful to the animals that live there, but if enough fish are dying because of poisoned run-off, the fish industry could suffer and it will affect humans as well. The same chemicals that poison bodies of water could seep into our groundwater and affect the well water we drink and use daily. This does not happen with organic farming, because no chemicals are ever sprayed on the fields and there is much more run off because of tilling practices. Organic farming does not only include crops. There is also organic eggs and meat produced by livestock raised on organic farms. During normal farming of animals, conventional farmers use medications, hormone shots, and antibiotics to promote the health and growth of the animals on their farm. On these conventional farms, animals are forced to be crowded together in dirty, indoor spaces. The living conditions make it necessary for these animals to receive regular medication to fight of diseases that may be caused by their poor living conditions. Because so many animals are crowded together, their manure accumulates rapidly and for convenience for the farmer, is sometimes poured into lagoons which can leak into local water sources and may contaminate our water. Scientists are studying the question that if humans eat hormones found in the meat of animals injected with hormones, if it can affect our human hormones the same way it affects the animal it was injected into. Scientists believe about two-thirds of American cattle raised in for slaughter today are injected with hormones to make them grow faster  and America’s dairy cows are given a genetically-engineered hormone . . . to increase milk production,† (Raloff, 1). These injected hormones are also a scare because if the animal is digesting them, it means that these chemicals are also in their manure, which is spread on the fields of crops we eat and may be dangerous. Not only could it affect the crop, but also the topsoil, and in turn the groundwater. And again, if it gets into a water source, it has the opportunity to harm the aquatic life living there. In one case, cattle injected with artificial growth hormones revealed serious health problems. These included deformed calves and an increase of a bacterial infection in the udder. In order to treat the infected cows, it needed antibiotics and eventually became reliant on them. Cattle are often forced to produce so much milk that they cannot keep up the nutrients they are losing in the milk and the amount they are given in their food. This imbalance causes them to become malnourished and it makes it easier for them to get more diseases. This type of mistreatment and malnutrition does not happen on organic farms. Healthy plants and animals are more disease resistant. This fact means that as long as the plants and animals are kept clean and healthy, there is little to no need for use of antibiotics or medications. Organic farmers keep the facilities clean to reduce the amount of diseases caused by poor living conditions. Organic farmers allow livestock to live in outdoor conditions with plenty of grazing room. This extra room can greatly decrease the number of diseases in the livestock because they won’t be crowded together to closely. On a conventional farm, livestock is kept indoors and fed possibly unhealthy grains made to make them grow. This is not the case on organic farms. Livestock is kept on a balanced diet and fed using a rotational grazing process. Rotational grazing means that once the livestock has eaten all the grass and vegetation from one field, the farmer will move them to another to allow the vegetation to grow back. This helps maintain the health of the farmland and also keeps the livestock happy by keeping them in an area with enough food, if the livestock is well fed, there is less of a chance that it will get sick as well. If livestock are kept healthy, there is no reason to give it medications, which may not be healthy for the consumer. Organic foods are never bioengineered. Bioengineered foods are foods that are manipulated through their DNA to have traits that are desired. For example, many foods are bioengineered to be resistant to insects, herbicides, and diseases. These crops may seem like a good idea, but many have wondered if these genetically altered crops could be harmful to humans. Crops resistant to bugs and weeds have caused Mother Nature to fight back with â€Å"superbugs† and â€Å"superweeds†, bugs and weeds that have evolved to overcome genetically altered plants. Cases like this cause scientists to turn it up a notch and create a new crop that can defeat the â€Å"supers†. But when is enough enough? Soon the weeds and bugs could become resistant to every type of herbicide resistant plant. There are many health scares associated with bioengineered foods. One is that if a gene is injected into a crop to make it have a more desirable trait, this gene may cause an unexpected danger to the consumer. One such danger is allergic reactions. For example . . . â€Å"bean plants that were genetically modified to increase cysteine and methionine content were discarded after the discovery that the expressed protein of the transgene was highly allergenic† (Villano, 1). Sometimes these dangers can be detected before it is introduced into the public, but sometimes it is not found until several people are affected. Another health risk concerned genetically engineered foods is that for most plants, it is simple to tell that the genetic altering caused an unusual problem in the crop, but in some cases, this is not easily seen. If it is a very obvious problem, the crop may be discarded immediately based on the appearance. However, if the genetic altering caused a problem in low or uneasily seen genes, it may become a problem for the consumer especially if the mutation is in the edible portion of the plant. Again, most of the time these problems would be detected before it is presented to the public, but it may not always be found that soon. This is a very dangerous risk to take. In addition to not being bioengineered, organic food is never exposed to radiation. Food irradiation is frequently used on conventional food because ionizing radiation is can be used to kill bacteria and other germs that may be found in certain foods. These conventionally grown foods are passed through radiation waves on a convention belt. This type of radiation attacks the unwanted organism’s DNA beyond its ability to repair. It can also be used to stop the natural ripening process of fruit in order to prolong the food’s shelf life, and it can be helpful in managing bacteria and other harmful organisms There is much criticism about ionizing radiation. One concern is that irradiation may disguise spoiled food by means of altering the natural growth process of the food. The radiation prolongs its shelf life, but there is reason the food has an expiration date. Some believe that the natural decay of food should not be tampered with. Another scare to some critics is that these chemical changes may not be healthy for the consumer. There are many regulations and inspections in food plants that use irradiation practices, but many critics believe that there is not enough extensive research done of the subject. Critics have several arguments against food irradiation. They argue that food preservation techniques are inefficient because it is unable to undo food spoilage that happened before the radiation treatment. This means that the food is ‘stuck’ in a certain stage of maturity that may not be ideal for the consumer. Another argument is that the radiation process, while getting rid of unwanted organisms, may also remove nutrients that are vital or helpful for the consumer. There are several risks associated with buying conventional foods. These foods may contain pesticides, chemicals, additives, or preservatives that are not natural and may be very harmful for the consumer. When buying organic food, there is never a risk of ingesting any of these harmful substances. Organic farmers use only natural methods of keeping insects, diseases, and weeds away to unsure safety for the consumer. Unlike conventional farms, organic farms are more diverse, more conservative, and use reusable and environmentally friendly practices to keep the earth in good physical shape for years to come. Instead of being concerned with convenience, organic foods focus on health. There are never artificially introduced hormones, sewage sludge, bioengineering, or ionizing radiation exposed to organically grown foods. The most disturbing fact about conventionally grown foods that is that little has been tested in the procedures used to grow the food conveniently. It is not proven that food exposed to radiation, bioengineering, pesticides, herbicides, medications, hormones and antibiotics given to livestock are harmless to humans. Many critics believe that these practices could cause extreme damage to humans in the future if it is not tested more thoroughly. So why not play it safe? Organic foods have none of these health risks and actually have higher levels of minerals, Vitamin C, and antioxidants.

dday Essays - Military History By Country, Operation Overlord

Castillo 1 Hugo Castillo Mrs. Tobon American History(H) 4 October 2010 D-Day ?You will enter the continent of Europe and? undertake operations at the heart of Germany and the destruction of her armed forces,? General Dwight D. Eisenhower?s orders. What was D-Day? D-Day is used in the military to express the day an operation is initiated. The ?D? in D-Day is derived from the word Day, creating the phrase Day of Days. D-Day took place on June 6, 1944, where 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France (The United States Army Homepage) Preparation The U.S had different views on how to underttake the invasion compared to those of British plans. British wanted to avoid the costly frontal assaults of World War I and concentrate on attacking the weaker Axis ally, Italy and by doing so limiting Soviet advance into Europe. The U.S had a different plan they believed that an optimum approach was the shortest route to Germany emanating from the strongest Allied power base and was the only Castillo 2 option they would support in the long term. The operation was named Operation Overload and was carried out on June 6, 1944 (AbsoluteAstronomy). In planning, the invasion detailed planning was undergoing months before the actual day of the attck. Pictures of France for holiday and tourist cards for an exhibition were taken and from there Normandy beaches were singled out to create detailed geological maps of the area. Tests on similar beaches in Norfolk in 1943 showed the beaches were not capable of weight of heavy tanks and transport, so detailed maps of the area were required. In December 1943, Operation Postage Able used an X-craft to collect suitable data for all of the beaches (AbsoluteAstronomy). New technology were developed for this operation. The "mulberry", a mobile, prefabricated concrete harbor, allowed the Allies to supply their beachhead without capturing one of the heavily defended Channel ports. A great asset in the operation was Major-General Percy Hobart was an unconventional military engineer, he created a force of modified Sherman and Churchill tanks known as Hobart's Funnies (AbsoluteAstronomy). They were a number of unusually modified tanks operated during World War II and created in light of problems that more standard tanks experienced, which were used at Normandy to great effect (Time). Two Deception plans that were created by the Allies were Operation Bodyguard, created to persuade the Germans that areas other than northern France would be threatened as well, and in order to persuade the Germans that the main invasion would really take place at the Pas de Calais The other was Operation Fortitude, to lead them to expect an invasion of Castillo 3 Norway, the Allies prepared a massive deception plan. Op. Fortitude was broken up into two sub-ops ?North? which would lead the Axis to expect an attack on Norway; and ?South? which was designed to lead the Germans to expect the main invasion at the Pas de Calais, and to hold back forces to guard against this threat rather than rushing them to Normandy. Other strategies to deceive was deployed dummy paratroopers over Le Havre and Isigny, these dummies led the Germans to believe that an additional airborne assault had occurred; this tied up reinforcing troops and kept the true situation unclear (Time). Also, an illusion of a massive naval convoy sailing for the Cap d'Antifer (15 miles north of Le Havre) was created and intercepted on German radars (AbsoluteAstronomy). Operation Overload On June 6,1944, under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces, supported by strong air forces, began landing Allied armies on the northern coast of France. It was the first stage in the liberation of western Europe and a major step towards the defeat of Nazi Germany. The campaign was code-named Operation Overlord. The invasion began with overnight parachute and glider landings, massive air attacks, naval bombardments, early morning amphibious landings on five beaches codenamed Juno, Gold, Omaha, Utah, and Sword and during the evening the remaining elements of the parachute divisions landed. The "D-Day" forces deployed from bases along the south coast of England. The greatest invasion in history relied on an intricate multi-attack plan. The U.S invaded Omaha and Utah beach on its

How to Construct a Strong Conclusion

How to Construct a Strong Conclusion How to Construct a Strong Conclusion Once you’ve written most of an assigned paper, you might struggle to create a proper conclusion. The conclusion, when you leave your audience with your final message, could be the part a reader remembers most. Knowing this, the conclusion should be written with as much thought and consideration as the rest of your piece. If you’re having trouble constructing a strong conclusion, here are some useful pointers: What makes a good conclusion? A good conclusion needs to combine your ideas accurately and seamlessly. It is expected to bring your reader back to your thesis statement and emphasize its significance. The reader should also have a general reminder of your main points and feel compelled to act in some way, motivated by what they learned from your paper. Different ways to form your conclusion Restate your introduction This conveys the reader back to your starting point and links all the ideas in the essay. Revisit the question or statement in your introduction that was meant to catch your reader’s interest this could be an illustration, a question, a story, or a famous quote. In this type of conclusion, you answer your question, provide the final events of the story, or give further details to explain your statement. Outline your main points A quick and simple way to end your paper is to reiterate your main ideas. This method works well for longer essays but may be tedious if used for shorter ones. Rather than merely repeating your ideas, it’s more interesting to the reader when you show how your points are connected. Issue a challenge to your reader You can stimulate your reader to do something or initiate a change based on the findings of your paper. Present this challenge or call to action and its benefits to the reader or its advantages over other actions. Your aim is to inspire your reader with their ability to create positive change in their own life or in the lives of others. Visualize the future Though the particulars of your essay, you help your readers broaden their view and look at the bigger picture. Your goal is to help them understand the relevance of your views to their present or future condition and realize how these affect their life or impact society in general. Present a thought-provoking question If you wish your reader to think more about the topic and explore your ideas further, you can leave them with a question. This could be used to inject a different viewpoint from that stated at the beginning of the essay or to offer interesting or unique information. A solid conclusion to your paper makes it more memorable. It ties your introduction and body into a unified whole. Knowing different ways to create a good conclusion helps you organize your thoughts better and choose the method that suits you. If you need assistance with essays, papers, case studies, and other academic research, in the GTA and throughout Canada is here to help. Our team of professional writers specializes in services for your academic needs. Get in touch with us at 1-800-573-0840.

Critical thinking case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical thinking case - Essay Example The video begins with explanatory scenes describing the birth of the saint. Further it shows his critical stages in growth including his different stages of education. Interestingly, the video while critically analyzing the ideologies of Ramana Maharshi, it has been ensured that the message of religious harmony is included in varying levels in each and every frame. The video stresses on the philosophies of Ramana Maharshi, which expresses his consent on the need for unity among religions. The video asserts that it is never necessary to belong to any religion so as to know and understand the spiritual truth. In totality, the messages conveyed through the videos speak of the real point of unity among all religions and any other criteria that classifies mankind. This real point is the truth with in oneself. When one realizes that, he or she becomes automatically in harmony with the nature, humanity and thus with every religions as

Analysis & Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis & Recommendation - Essay Example These areas included among others the pharmaceutical companies and chemicals. This area had little competition from domestic companies for a long period. The Italian government helps the multinationals in the process of developing them to become strong Gerschenkronian factors that enhance development. This factor provides room for interesting parallels to develop and grow carrying components of the modern emerging economics (Jackson, 2013, 62). The economic stability dates back to the mid nineteenth century when it was the only South European country to achieve the same by the end of the nineteenth century. Italy qualifies as a long-run host economy following its dynamic in depth. From nineteen thirteen, the growth of the Italian economy came through as a latecomer gradually generating into one of the world’s economic powerhouse. Partially, the sluggish nature of growth at the time was influenced by the nation’s consolidation of industrial model as well as the structure of its capitalistic setting that largely denied foreign investors opportunities for business operations. The first two decades after unification saw the country experience an accelerated rate of economic growth. Analysis of the country’s sectoral attractiveness entails a dynamic analysis. Trends in Italy reveal that they are in tandem with the dominant technological changes in the rest of the world. There are foreign controlled investments especially in the textiles and mining industry that defy the economic waves to remain successful as they respond to technological changes. Other sectors whose stability is strong and attractive to the United States companies include transport and utilities comprising of distribution of water, gas, as well as electricity. Economists attribute this to the ever-increasing demand for expansion of infrastructure. This results from the whole urbanization process that started towards the end of the nineteenth century. In the traditionally foreign dominated chemical sector, the relevance of the sector shifted to petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and advanced chemicals. This is a good indicator to American companies that the country embraces a new technological paradigm (Jackson, 2013, 88). Chemicals provide an attractive case for American companies interested in direct foreign investment. Research carried out in two thousand and one revealed that there is a generally weak domestic interest and entrepreneurship in various sectors including advanced chemicals, energy, pharmaceuticals, research and development, as well as other sectors with features of high intensity of technology. This is evidence that companies that engage in foreign investment in these sectors have privileges for application of both medium and high-tech technology. Among the leading factors that can possibly, influence an American company into setting up operations in the region is the single European market and economy. The country is an active participant i n the socio political and economic union a feature that expands both its market and economic might. The union expands the market thereby expanding the market of any other company operating in the country. Any American company operating in the country would therefore enjoy a free market economy with minimal debts owing to the strong Italian economy. The country has minimal legislations governing the operations of the free market

Hegemony In The Current World Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hegemony In The Current World Order - Essay Example According to the Marxist philosophy, hegemony embodies manipulation instincts that adopts a superior dictum of not only the cultural belief system, values and perceptions, but also imposes a particular worldview as a universal ideology that justifies a socio-political and economic course as natural, inevitable, perpetual and more so beneficial to all (Bullock and Trombley, 1999, pp. 387-88). In other words, hegemony is a process that inculcates ideals of the hegemon into the undertaking of the subordinates via the social channels such as educational publications, advertising, and, if need be, through mobilization to subdue any possible opposition. In the 21st century, economic liberalism–the belief in globalization and the relative effectiveness of private enterprises are certainly well-orchestrated ideals of capitalism that have fought communism right into oblivion. Equally prominent alongside the above capitalistic ideals are the standards of western civilization that compri ses of the greater awareness of human rights and a heightened cognizance of the moral responsibility as the bedrock of accountable governance. Hegemony as a concept frequently features in scholarly analysis of power relations in international politics, particularly how a dominant power [state] ought to deal with a second tier states rapidly growing influence in the international arena and the subsequent antagonistic hegemonic ambitions that ensue thereof. There is a wide consensus among theorists of international relations (IR) that such scenarios necessitate the formation of alliances in order to neutralize [balance] any possible stronger wave-challenges from the seemingly ambitious state(s), protect the existing status quo control of a dominant power, and so to the survival of the second tier powers that may feel threatened by the new power game. Kenneth Waltz argues that in an international system with no overarching government that is strong enough to enforce laws, balancing is often the immediate remedy induced by the system (1979, pp. 125–6).

Biodegradation of HCB

Biodegradation of HCB 1-2-1- Degradation of HCB under anaerobic condition: In the past decade, the usage of HCB prohibited in many country but HCB has been found as hazardous pollutants in many places worldwide. Biodegradation of HCB is possible in environmental under anaerobic conditions such as sodium, groundwater and soil but the progress is very slowly (Beurskens and others, 1992; Chang and others, 1997). Some reports documented about biodegradation in sediments (Chen and others, 2002; Chen and others, 2004; Hirano and others, 2007; Pavlostathis and Prytula, 2000; Prytula and Pavlostathis, 1996), soil (Watanabe and Yoshikawa, 2008). Degradation of CLD[2] in anaerobic sewage sludge was reported by (Fathepure and others, 1988), The authors observed greater than 90% pesticide removal after 3 weeks. The only Three strains of bacteria capability of degrading Hexachlorobenzene via reductive dechlorination have been isolated (TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2011), that including Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF-1 (Wu and others, 2002), Dehalococcoides sp. strain CBDB1 and Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 (Adrian and others, 2000; Fennell and others, 2004; TasÃÅ' §, 2009; TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2009).      1-2-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Anaerobic degradation reductive dechlorination of HCB was first reported in 1987 (Fathepure and others, 1988). So far, the pathway that is known for the microbial degradation of HCB under anaerobic canditions by coupling reductive dehalogenation to electron transport (Beurskens and others, 1994; Chen and others, 2000; Hirano and others, 2007; TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2011). Chlorinated aromatics can serve as electron acceptors (Fathepure and others, 1988). Reductive dechlorination pathways is shown in figure 1 and HCB were dechlorinated via 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachIorobenzene (TeCB), 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-TCB , 1,2,4-TCB[3] and 1,3-DCB[4] . they are final dechlorination products (Beurskens and others, 1992; Boyd and others, 1987; Fathepure and others, 1988; Holliger and others, 1992). 1-3- Biodegradation of DDT[5] 1-3-1- Degradation of DDT under anaerobic condition: DDT was the first synthetic insecticide. Nowadays, use of this persistent organic pollutants is prohibited in most countries, but still DDT is ubiquitous in the environment all (Purnomo and others, 2011; Sudharshan and others, 2012). DDT can be biodegradation or mineralized by multistep processes in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. For example sediments capibilty of utilizing persistent pesticides and degradation even mineralized by aerobic and anaerobic degradation (Fang and others, 2014). Thus far, species within the genera Pseudomonas (Chacko and Lockwood, 1967; Kamanavalli and Ninnekar, 2004), Sphingomonas (Chacko and Lockwood, 1967; Fang and others, 2014), Desulfomonile tiedjei (DeWeerd and others, 1990) and Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486) is isolated from the human intestine (Yim and others, 2008), and Alcaligenes denitrificans (Ahuja and Kumar, 2003)‎ have been found to metabolize DDT. (Corona-Cruz and others, 1999), reported anaerobic coupled with aerobic biodegrad ation of DDT and maximum DDT degradation of 84.4 %. 1-3-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Biodegradation pathway of DDT is multistep process in anaerobic environment, involving reductive dechlorination, dioxygenation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, decarboxylation, hydrolysis (a major transformation pathway in soil and water in the presence of H2O, H+, and OH ¯ ), and meta-ring cleavage reactions. Biodegradation pathway of DDT is multistep process in anaerobic environment involving reductive dechlorination such as three degradation step (DDT→DDD,DDE[6]), hydrogenation, dioxygenation, hydroxylation, decarboxylation and meta-ring cleavage reactions(Rangachary and others, 2012). That is different from the degradation pathways for anaerobic biodegradation but high-order metabolites such as DDA, DDOH[7] and DDNU (Aislabie and others, 1997). (Wedemeyer, 1967), reported first metabolic pathways for DDT by aerobacter aerogenes that shown at the bottom: DDT → DDD[8] →DDMU[9] →DDMS[10] → DDNU[11] → DDA[12] → DBP[13], or DDT → DDE. Researches were lack of information about DDT degradation. Later, (Planche and others, 1979) indicted DDE could be degraded to DDMU by a microcosm under anaerobic sediments.biodegradation pathway in sediment shown on figure 2. DDT and its metabolites in the sediment: DDT →DDD → DDMS and DDE → DDMU (Li and others, 2010; Quensen and others, 2001; Sudharshan and others, 2012) and the relative transformation rates of DDT, DDE, and DDD is DDT>DDD>DDE (Huang and others, 2001), so DDD was the major biodegradation product of DDT under anaerobic environments (Mwangi and others, 2010; Yu and others, 2011). DDT metabolic reports in human intestinal gut by (Yim and others, 2008), that Eubacterium limosum transformed DDT completely to DDD and used DDT as electron donors. 1-4- Biodegradation of heptachlor 1-4-1- Degradation of heptachlor under anaerobic condition Anaerobic degradation reductive dechlorination of HCB was first reported in 1987 (Fathepure and others, 1988). So far, the pathway that is known for the microbial degradation of HCB under anaerobic canditions by coupling reductive dehalogenation to electron transport (Beurskens and others, 1994; Chen and others, 2000; Hirano and others, 2007; TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2011). Chlorinated aromatics can serve as electron acceptors (Fathepure and others, 1988). Reductive dechlorination pathways is shown in figure 1 and HCB were dechlorinated via 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachIorobenzene (TeCB), 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-TCB , 1,2,4-TCB[3] and 1,3-DCB[4] . they are final dechlorination products (Beurskens and others, 1992; Boyd and others, 1987; Fathepure and others, 1988; Holliger and others, 1992). Heptachlor used as insecticide. Heptachlor is mostly persistent in environment (Sakai and others, 2008). Under anaerobic conditions, heptachlor is showed only limited conversion (Hill and McCarty, 1967). T he data available on this substance indicate that heptachlor is degraded for more than several years in soil (Lichtenstein and others, 1970; Mahugija, 2014; Miles and others, 1969). (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973), this paper is a research about Clostridium sp. that isolated from flooded soil for degradation ÃŽ ³-BHC and heptachlor. 1-4-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Biotransformation of heptachlor is not easy and simple but occur in both situations anaerobic and aerobic, mainly to the stable heptachlor epoxide (Lichtenstein and others, 1970). (Hayashi and others, 2013) , have reported that heptachlor was degraded a small amount to heptachlor epoxide in soil. Figure3 shown this degradation pathway. 1-5- Biodegradation of endrin and dieldrin 1-5-1-Degradation of endrin and dieldrin under anaerobic condition Of the year 1960s began studies on biodegradation of endrin and dieldrin that more researches were reported about the aerobic biodegradation (Matsumoto and others, 2009). Biodegradation of dieldrin and endrin was reviewed in 2007 and 1982 (Lal and Saxena, 1982; Matsumoto and others, 2009). (GOWDA and Sethunathan, 1977), studied that endrin proceeded under anaerobic conditions in three soils by radiotracer technique. Thay have reported anaerobic microbial strains could degrade various types of POPs such as ,heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, endrin and HCB. These strains isolated from PCB-contaminated sediment. (Baczynski and others, 2004), reported that methanogenic granular sludge could dechlorination of cyclodiene pesticides such as dieldrin and endrin.(Baczynski and others, 2004), studied methanogenic granular sludge with purpose dechlorinate dieldrin and endrin. Biodegradation studies under anaerobic conditions are summarized in Table 2. 1-5-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Deldrin has simple mechanism reported by (Maule and others, 1987) that is the deletion of the chlorine atom from chlorinated hydrocarbon. (Chiu and others, 2005), reported cleaving the epoxide ring by a mechanism of epoxide reduction by anaerobic enrichment culture obtained from river sediment. So, they are the Transformation of deldrin to aldrin then aldrin is converted to two syn- and anti-monodechlorodieldrin metabolites by epoxide reduction. Researches show only two monochlorinated metabolites of endrin under anaerobic transformation so it can say bacteria have a catalyzed role in reductive dehalogenation (Matsumoto and others, 2009). 1-6- Biodegradation of lindane and HCH-isomers 1-6-1-Degradation of lindane and HCH-isomers under anaerobic condition Lindane and the other HCH isomers have been used in agriculture as a pesticide. There are little knowledge about anaerobic HCH degradation. It has not been reporte on the anaerobic biodegradation of the ÃŽ µ –HCH (Lal and others, 2010). While the four HCH isomers can degrade under anaerobic conditions .Thus far, species within the genera Dehalobacter (Doesburg and others, 2005), Clostridium spp (Jagnow and others, 1977; MacRae and others, 1969), Bacillus circulans and Bacillus Brevis (Gupta and others, 2000) and two Desulfovibrio species (Boyle and others, 1999), Citrobacter (such as ,C. butyricum, C. pasteurianum and Citrobacter freundii) (Heritage and MacRae, 1977; Heritage and Rae, 1977), Desulfococcus (Elango and others, 2011) and Desulfobacter curvatus (Badea and others, 2009) have been found to metabolize the lindane and HCH-isomers. (Van Eekert and others, 1998), have studied, capable of degrading beta-HCH using a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors with methanogenic granular sludges. A number of studies have utilized for degradation isomer-HCH of anaerobic mixed bacterial culture such as (Kohnen and others, 1975) that mixed culture consisting of Bacilli. Mixed culture Clostridia and C. butyricum, C. pasteurianum and Citrobacter freundii. Thay are shown degradation rate in the following order ÃŽ ³-HCH > ÃŽ ±-HCH > ÃŽ ²-HCH = ÃŽ ´-HCH (Jagnow and others, 1977). (Pesce and Wunderlin, 2004) isolated bacteria from sediment and have used in aerobic mixed bacterial culture including Bosea thiooxidans and Sphingobacterium paucimobilis, degraded HCH after 3 days. 1-6-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of anaerobic Dechlorination the mechanism of biotransformation of HCH-isomer and lindane under anaerobic condition is explained with detection of intermediates substance of the presumed pathway. According to papers and reports, intermediates of HCH such as TeCCHs[16], PeCCHs[17] , PCCHa[18] (Buser and Mueller, 1995). (Tsukano and Kobayashi, 1972), abserved TeCCH flooded rice field soils treated with lindan but this intermediates was not found in soils treated with sodium azide or in soils without lindane treatment. suggested two degradation pathway for HCH isomers under anaerobic conditions, Based upon identify the intermediates material gama-, alfa-HCH → PCCHa (with a dechlorination) → 1,2-DCB[19] → 1,3-DCB→ finally CB for ÃŽ ²- and ÃŽ ´-HCH → TeCCH → 1,2,3-TCB → 1,2-DCB → 1,4-DCB → CB[20] The other Simpler pathway for the reductive dehalogenation of HCH is: HCH → TeCCH → dichlorocyclohexadiene ( DCCH) → finally benzene (Doesburg and others, 2005; Lal and others, 2010). Most papers of anaerobic degradation reported the accumulation of benzene and chlorobenzene (Buser and Mueller, 1995; Middeldorp and others, 1996; Zhu and others, 2005). that Figure3 shown this pathways. 1-7- Biodegradation of Methoxychlor 1-7-1-Degradation of Methoxychlor under anaerobic condition Methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl) ethane] is a hazardous substance and stable for this reason, is one of POPs. Methoxychlor have a half-life : Enterobacter amnigenus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis,Klebsiella terrigena, Mycobacterium obuense, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Achromobacter. Biodegradation studies of OCPs under anaerobic conditions are summarized in Table 2. Figure 3v: Proposed pathway for anaerobic biodegradation of HCH under a) alfa- HCH b) gama and beta- HCH (Doesburg and others, 2005; Lal and others, 2010) 1-7-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of anaerobic Dechlorination Microbial species and pathway dechlorination of methoxychlor in the environment are not well-known or there are few reports (Castro and Yoshida, 1971; Masuda and others, 2011b). Enterobacter aerogenes were capable of degrading methoxychlor to DMDD [21] under anaerobic conditions (Mendel and Walton, 1966). Eubacterium limosum is a bacteria from human intestine that has been able degrades of methoxychlor to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pmethoxyphenyl) ethane (methoxydichlor) (Yim and others, 2008). Also, K. pneumoniae converts methoxychlor to [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, de-Cl-MXC] (Baarschers and others, 1982). [1] hexachlorobenzene (HCB) [2] Chlordane (CLD) [3] -trichlorobenzene (TCB) [4] 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) [5] 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) [6] 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) [7] 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol (DDOH) [8] 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) [9] 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDMU) [10] 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDMS) [11] 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDNU) [12] 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA) [13] 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP) [14] Removal and rate [15] Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) [16] tetrachlorocyclohexenes (TeCCHs) [17] pentachlorocyclohexenes (PeCCHs) [18] pentachlorocyclohexanes (PCCHa) [19] dichlorobenzene (DCB ) [20] Chlorobenzene [21] bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1–dichloroethane (DMDD)

Comparing the Minority Experience in Baby of the Family, and House on M

Women Minority Experience in Baby of the Family, and House on Mango Street  Ã‚      The two novels Baby of the Family, and House on Mango Street expose the minority experience through the perspective of a child, struggling to find an identity in their own unique views of the cultures they are growing up in. The life of Lena's family, one of an upper class African American family in the southern part of the United States, appeals to the ideal of the New American as her family blends the dominant culture with their minority background in their everyday life experiences. Esperanza is a Hispanic youth, growing up in a barrio, where there is not much to offer the Hispanic locals. She ultimately feels the profile the of the New American in her view of attaining a better life, and escaping the suffocating prescence of the barrio, while still remembering her ethnic roots. Both these characters apply to the classification of the Double Minority in the obvious aspect of being females, and of course their relationship of being in a minority culture. In Baby of the Family, author Tina Ansa exposes the reader to the perspective of a child living in a dominant culture oriented household, that is trying to latch on to some very important traditional aspects of their minority background. Esperanza in House on Mango Street struggles to find her identity in a society discriminating against her not only as a minority, but her genders hinders her advancement also. The authors of these two minority novels corelate these ideals and explore the hardships these two character face as struggling to become the New American while being classified ultimately as Double Minorities. A few of the common apects shared by the two novels include the common... ...alls these children experience. These two children take the ideal of the "New American" and expose it as they find ways to live in a world in which they walk a fine line between the two clashing cultures. The "Double Minority" role plays an important and attempt to overcome the barriers in their own cultures. The cultures ultimately take on a new definition as time progresses, because there is truly not a definite distinction anymore. Works Cited Ansa, Tina McElroy. Baby of the Family. Harcourt Press; San Diego, 1989. Blicksilver, Edith. The Ethnic American Woman. Kenall/Hunt Publishing; Iowa, 1978. Cecil, Andrew R. The Meaning of the Family in Society. University of Texas; Dallas, 1991. Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. Vintage Contemporaries; New York, 1991. Murray, Alma. Black Perspectives. Scholastic Books; New York, 1971.   

Fi515 Chapter 1 Mini Case

MINI CASE a. Why is corporate finance important to all managers? Corporate finance is important to all managers because it provides managers the skills needed to identify and select the corporate strategies and individual projects that add value to their firm and forecast the funding requirements of their company and devise strategies for acquiring those funds. b. Describe the organizational forms a company might have as it evolves from a start-up to a major corporation. List the advantages and disadvantages of each form. The organizational forms a company might have as it evolves from a start-up to a major corporation are proprietorship, partnership, or corporation. The advantages of a proprietorship are: †¢Easy and inexpensive to form, †¢Subject to few government regulations, and †¢Income not subject to corporate taxation. The disadvantages of a proprietorship are: †¢May be difficult to obtain the capital needed for growth, †¢Unlimited personal liability for the businesses’ debts, and †¢Limited to the life of its founder. The advantages of a partnership are: †¢Relatively easy to establish, †¢Increased ability to raise funds, Prospective employees become attracted to the business if given the incentive to become a partner, †¢May benefit from the combination of complementary skills of two or more people, †¢Can be cost effective, and †¢Provide moral support and will allow for more creative brainstorming. The disadvantages of a partnership ar e: †¢Partners are jointly and individually liable for the actions of the other partners, †¢Profits must be shared, †¢Disagreements can occur, †¢May have limited life, †¢Has limitations that keeps it from becoming a large business, †¢Partners have to consult with each other before making decisions, and †¢Unlimited liability. The advantages of a corporation are: †¢Unlimited life, †¢Easy transferability of ownership interest, and †¢Limited liability. The disadvantages of a corporation are: †¢Earnings may be subject to double taxation, and †¢Complex and time-consuming set up. c. How do corporations go public and continue to grow? What are agency problems? What is corporate governance? Corporations go public and continue to grow by selling stock to outsiders or venture capitalists, attracting lending from banks or raising additional funds through an initial public offering (IPO) by selling stock to the public at large. Agency problems are conflicts of interest arising between creditors, shareholders and managers because of differing goals. Corporate governance is the relationship between all the stakeholders in the company. d. What should be the primary objective of managers? The primary objective of managers is stockholder wealth maximization, which means to maximize the fundamental price of the firm’s common stock and not just the current market price. 1)Do firms have any responsibilities to society at large? Yes, firms have responsibilities to society at large. Corporate social responsibility is operating a business in a manner that accounts for the social and environmental impact created by the business. This means a commitment to developing policies that integrate responsible practices into daily business operations and to reporting on progress made toward implementing these practices. 2)Is stock price maximization good or bad for society? Stock price maximization is good for society. Shareholders are members of society. Consumers benefit when companies develop products and services that consumers want and need, which leads to new technology and new products. Employees benefit generally when companies successfully increase stock prices, it opens up growth and addition for more employees. 3)Should firms behave ethically? Yes, firms should behave ethically. There is no room for unethical behavior in the business world. Most executives believe that there is a positive correlation between ethics and long-run profitability. Conflicts often arise between profits and ethics. Companies must deal with these conflicts on a regular basis. Failure to handle these situations properly can lead to huge product liability suits and even bankruptcy. e. What three aspects of cash flows affect the value of any investment? The three aspects of cash flows the affect the value of any investment are the amount of expected cash flows, the timing of the cash flow stream, and the risk of the cash flows. f. What are free cash flows? Free cash flows are the monies available for distribution to all investors after paying current expenses, taxes, and making the investments necessary for growth. g. What is the weighted average cost of capital? The weighted average cost of capital is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. . How do free cash flows and the weighted average cost of capital interact to determine a firm’s value? Free Cash Flow = Sales Revenues – Operating Costs and Taxes – Required Investments in Operating Capital. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is affected by market interest rates, market risk aversion, cost of debt, cost of equity, firmâ €™s debt/equity mix, and firm’s business risk. Therefore, free cash flows and the weighted average cost of capital interact to determine a firm’s value by the following equation: Value=FCF1+FCF2+ †¦ +FCF00 (1 + WACC)1(1 + WACC)2(1 + WACC)00 i. Who are the providers (savers) and users (borrowers) of capital? How is capital transferred between savers and borrowers? Households and some foreign governments are the providers (savers) of capital. Non-financial corporation’s net users and U. S. governments are users (borrowers) of capital. Financial corporations are slight users (borrowers), but almost breakeven. Capital is transferred between savers and borrowers by direct transfer, through an investment banking house, or through a financial intermediary. j. What do we call the price that a borrower must pay for debt capital? What is the price of equity capital? What are the four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money, or the general level of interest rates, in the economy? The price that a borrower must pay for debt capital is called the interest rate. The price of equity capital is the cost of equity equals required return equals dividend yield plus capital gains. The four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money, or the general level of interest rates, in the economy are production opportunities, time preferences for consumption, risk, and expected inflation. k. What are some economic conditions (including international aspects) that affect the cost of money? Some economic conditions (including international aspects) that affect the cost of money are country risk and exchange rate risk. Country risk depends on the country’s economic, political, and social environment. Exchange rate risk is dependent on the non-dollar denominated investment’s value. l. What are financial securities? Describe some financial instruments. Financial securities are pieces of paper with contractual provisions that entitle their owners to specific rights and claims on specific cash flows or values. Some financial instruments are: †¢U. S. Treasury Bills  ­Sold by U. S. Treasury  ­Default-free risk  ­91 days to one year – original maturity †¢Money Market Mutual Funds  ­Invest in short-term debt; held by businesses and individuals  ­Low degree of risk  ­No specific maturity (instant liquidity) †¢Consumer Credit Loans  ­Loans by banks/credit unions/finance companies  ­Risk is variable  ­Original maturity is variable †¢U. S. Treasury Notes and Bonds  ­Issued by U,S, government  ­No default risk, but price falls if interest rate rises  ­2-30 years – original maturity †¢Municipal Bonds  ­Issued by state and local government to individuals and institutions  ­Riskier than U. S. overnment guides, but exempt from most taxes  ­Up to 30 years – original maturity m. List some financial institutions. Some financial institutions are commercial banks, investment banks, savings and loan, mutual savings bands, credit unions, life insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds and private equity funds. n. What are some different types of markets? Some different types of markets are physical asset markets, financial asset markets, spot markets, future markets, money markets, capital markets, mortgage markets, consumer credit markets, and world, national, regional and local markets. . How are secondary markets organized? Secondary markets are organized by location and the way that orders from buyers and sellers are matched. 1)List some physical location markets and some computer/telephone networks. Some physical locations markets are New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), and the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Some computer/telephone networks are NASDAQ, government bond markets, and foreign exchange markets. 2)Explain the differences between open outcry auctions, dealer markets, and electronic communications networks (ECNs). Auction markets are markets where participants have a seat on the exchange, meet face-to-face, and place orders for themselves or for their clients. The two largest auction markets for stocks are the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange. The New York Stock Exchange is a modified auction with a â€Å"specialist. † Dealer markets are markets where â€Å"dealers† keep an inventory of the stock (or other financial assets) and place bids and ask â€Å"advertisements†, which are prices at which they are willing to buy and sell. There are often many dealers for each stock. A computerized quotation system keeps track of bid and ask prices, but does not automatically match buyers and sellers. Examples of dealer markets are the NASDAQ National Market, NASDAQ Small Cap Market, London SEAQ, and German Neuer Market. Electronic communication networks (ECNs) are computerized systems that match orders from buyers and sellers and automatically execute the transaction. It is a low cost to transact. Examples of ECNs are Instinet (U. S. stocks owned by NASDAQ), Archipelago (U. S. stocks owned by NYSE), Eurex (Swiss-German futures contracts), and SETS (London stocks). p. Briefly explain mortgage securitization and how it contributed to the global economic crisis. Mortgage securitization is the pooling of various mortgage loans and their usage as collateral to issue securities. This process allows the originator of the mortgage loans to restructure its balance sheet by reducing the receivables and using the funds received from the sale of securities to invest elsewhere. Mortgage securitization allows the originators of the loans to diversify their risk besides enabling them to secure immediate liquidity for assets which would otherwise have face some difficulty in trading. http://www. economywatch. com/finance/high-finance/mortgage-securitization. html) Mortgage securitization contributed to the global economic crisis in many ways. †¢Homeowners wanted better homes than they could afford. †¢Mortgage brokers encourage homeowners to take mortgages even though they would reset the payments to amounts that the borrowers might not have been able t o afford because the brokers got a commission for closing the deal. †¢Appraisers were over-appraising house values and getting paid at the time of the appraisal. †¢Originating institutions (e. . , Countrywide) were quickly selling the mortgages to investment banks and other institutions. †¢Investment banks created CDOs and got rating agencies to help design and then rate the new CDOs with rating agencies making big profits despite the conflicts of interest. †¢Financial engineers used unrealistic inputs to generate high values for the CDOs. †¢Investment banks sold the CDOs to investors and made big profits. †¢Investors bought the CDOs but either didn’t understand or didn’t care about the risk. †¢Some investors bought â€Å"insurance† via credit default swap. When the mortgages were reset and the borrowers defaulted on them, the values of the CDOs plummeted. †¢Many of the credit default swaps failed to provide insurance beca use the counterparty failed. †¢Many originators and securitizers still owned sub-prime securities, which led to many bankruptcies, government takeovers, and fire sales including New Century, Countrywide, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and many more. PROBLEMS (2-6)In its most recent financial statements, Newhouse, Inc. reported $50 million of net income and $810 million of retained earnings. The previous retained earnings were $780 million. How much in dividends was paid to shareholders during the year? Dividends Paid= (Previous Retained Earnings + Net Income) – Recent Retained Earnings = ($780 million + $50 million) – $810 million = $830 million – $810 million = $20 million (2-7)The Talley Corporation had a taxable income of $365,000 from operations after all operating costs but before (1) interest charges of $50,000, (2) dividends received of $15,000, (3) dividends paid of $25,000, and (4) income taxes. What are the firm’s income tax liability and its after-tax income? What are the company’s marginal and average tax rates on taxable income? Taxable Income$365,000 Less: Interest Charges(50,000) Plus: Dividends Received4,500? $15,000(1 – 0. 70) = $4,500 Total Taxable Income$319,500 Tax Liability= $22,250 + ($319,500 – $100,000)(0. 39) = $22,250 + ($219,500)(0. 39) = $22,250 + $85,605 = $107,855 After-Tax Income: Total Taxable Income$319,500 Less: Tax Liability(107,855) Plus: Non-taxable Dividends Received10,500? 15,000(0. 70) = $10,500 Net Income$222,145 Marginal Tax Rate = 39% Average Tax Rate= Tax Interest Income/Taxable Operating Income = $107,855/$319,500 = 0. 33757 or 33. 76% (2-9)The Shrieves Corporation has $10,000 that it plans to invest in marketable securities. It is choosing among AT&T bonds, which yield 7. 5%, state of Florida muni bonds, which yield 5% (but are not taxable), and AT&T preferred stock, with a dividend yield of 6%. Shrieve’ s corporate tax rate is 35%, and 70% of the dividends received are tax exempt. Find the after-tax rates of return on all three securities. AT&T Bonds – $10,000 x 7. 5% = $750 Taxes = $750 x 35% = $262. 50 $750 – $262. 50 = $487. 50 AT&T Bond Yield = $487. 50/$10,000 = 0. 04875 or 4. 875% AT&T Preferred Stock – $10,000 x 6% = $600 Tax Exemption = $600 x 70% = $420 Taxable Income = $600 – $420 = $180 Taxes = $180 x 35% = $63 $600 – $63 = $537 AT&T Preferred Stock Yield = $537/$10,000 = 0. 0537 or 5. 37% Florida Muni Bonds – $10,000 x 5% = $500 Not taxable, so no tax deductions Florida Muni Bonds Yield = $500/$10,000 = 0. 05 or 5%

Rebellion Against Big Brother essays

Rebellion Against Big Brother essays The book 1984, written by George Orwell, is about an over-bearing government and society with too many rules and regulations. Although many characters in the story seem happy with the way life is, some yearn to rebel and fight for their rights of true freedom; to lessen the constraints put upon them. In the novel, both Winston and Julia act out different types of defiance, and the proles hold the power to completely overturn Big Brother. During the book, Winstons actions and intentions to discover the truth and bring justice to life in Oceania are strong and wholehearted. When he is writing in the diary, he prints DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER over and over again (18). This shows that in both his heart and his mind, Winston wants to get rid of the tight noose Big Brother holds around everybodys neck, and he cannot deny the feeling of wanting something. He feels trapped because he remembers a time where the Party did not always rule, and although he is unsure of whether or not the Revolution was a better time, it was a big part of his childhood and it holds significance to him that could open up the past. While being quizzed by O Brien, he answers, Yes! You are prepared to commit murder? Yes! To betray your country to foreign powers? Yes! (172). This shows that Winston feels like he will do anything for the exposure of Big Brother. He sees through their techniques and wants to reveal it to the rest of the world. His action of agreeing to do horrible feats against his country shows his determination for freedom. Winston just wants to broadcast the web of twisted lies and deceit made up by the Party. Julia, while hating Big Brother, is not quite as committed as Winston in her insubordination. While Winston is talking about evidence against Big Brother and how it could aid future life, she says, Im n...

Study Guide and Quiz on Organ Systems

Study Guide and Quiz on Organ Systems The human body is made up of several organ systems that work as one unit. The major organ systems of the body work together, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. Organ Systems Some of the major organ systems of the body include: Circulatory System: The circulatory system circulates blood by pulmonary and systemic circuits. These pathways transport blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Digestive System: The digestive system processes the foods we eat in order to supply nutrients to the body. These nutrients are transported throughout the body by the circulatory system. Endocrine System: The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate organ function and body processes, such as growth and maintaining homeostasis. Integumentary System: The integumentary system covers the exterior of the body, protecting internal structures from damage, germs, and dehydration. Nervous System: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This system monitors and controls all body systems and responds to external influences on the body. Reproductive System: The reproductive system ensures the survival of a species through the production of offspring by sexual reproduction. Male and female reproductive organs are also endocrine organs that secrete hormones to regulate sexual development. Quiz Do you know which organ system contains the largest organ in the body? Test your knowledge with the interactive organ systems quiz.

Management Decision Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Management Decision Making - Case Study Example In arriving at a decision, the team applies to cause and effect diagram, which investigates business systems for possible problems which cause inefficiencies. A decision making chain slows down due to lack of harmony among team members tasked with that responsibility. In the same way, a processing machine slows down hindering the continuous flow of goods in the conveyor belt. The team given this mandate uses cause and effect diagrams to come up with overall facts about the system. The process starts with investigations which look into possible reasons for a particular effect. In this case, the team investigates the Executive Information System (EIS) and finds out that major problems lie in the implementation. This is because the management is not equipped with the right skills required to run the system during the implementation stage. Cause and effect diagrams list from the biggest cause for the problem to the least, to guide the team in prioritizing courses for action (Sproull, 200 1). A Pareto chart is a combination of a line and bar graph, used to bring out the differences in data validity, and highlights the most useful ones. This helps quality assurance managers in testing the system for any faults which affecting business process. For instance, when investigating why ATM cards are taking too long to process at a bank, all ATM application issues are listed in order of frequency to establish where the gap is mostly concentrated. This is where problem-solving commences when addressing system issues. The team used a combination of these tools to come up with the recommendations, which excluded software and hardware components from the EIS implementation issues. In establishing the cause, right decisions are made in singling out the two issues. This two-tier approach is ideal for bringing out the most valid reasons for low uptake of the system. The only problem with this approach is that minor issues might be overlooked with has a potential of causing hitches later on in the system.

Reflection on learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on learning - Essay Example It entails six steps of self evaluation practice for teaching and learning process that promotes personal and professional growth (Gibbs, 1988). The steps are: description of actions; feelings and thought while doing the job; evaluation of work done; analysis of work done; conclusion of the analysis; and action plan for improved and improvised outcome. The different steps are designed to provide an in-depth reflection on our actions that encourages us to look at our actions from the perspective of third person so that they (actions) could be evaluated and analyzed. The self analysis thus persuades one to improve and improvise our actions so that our performance outcome is improved, leading to professional growth with safe practice for oneself and others. This week’s work description, while working in a group of eight other colleagues was an intensely thought provoking because it helped me to evolve as a person and also provided the necessary learning experience for professional growth. Gibbs’ Cycle of Reflection greatly facilitated in self improvement when introspective practices were used to contemplate the work done during the week’s time. In one group meeting in the university, members paired up and completed a personality questionnaire - a group evaluation rubric, to assess oneself and each other. There were six categories for evaluation: contribution; attitude; focus on the task; working with others; monitor group effectiveness; and time management. While I chose 3,4,3,4,3 and 4 to assess my level of grade vis-Ã  -vis the categories, my partner asserted that I am more identified with 4,4,4,4,3 and 4. The ranking and grade were assigned as per the ability to identify, understand and adapt to the issues and situations in the ascending order with 5 denoting complete understanding and 1 representing understanding and identification of

Examine how human relations plays an important role in the way in Essay - 1

Examine how human relations plays an important role in the way in which accounting information is used in organizations - Essay Example on the realization that "workers want to feel part of a team with socially supportive relationships and to grow and develop, where motivation, communication, employee participation, and leadership are significant issues" (Kaplan, 1998). The Accounting researchers have adopted traditional and emergent theories, the objective of which is to offer diversified insights and review of the organizational phenomena. The traditional and emergent theories related to the accounting research have been responsible for the "increase in knowledge and understanding about a phenomenon" (Carpenter, 2001). The theories have conceptualized the reality as physical structure, and people have been regarded as "adapters, responders, and information processors to achieve efficiency and the goal of an organization" (Zahirul, 2006). The Accounting Control System is aimed at achieving minimum cost and efficient operations, for this purpose the researchers have relied upon "an arms-length research method – statistically categorizes key variables and then attempts to retrieve meaning by ex post facto interpretations of tests of significance" (Kaplan, 1998). The Accounting researchers have adopted principles of rational choice theory and have expressed certain behavioral response through incentive supported by the implication of the decisions. In this context, the human relations factor have played crucial role for the assessment of the organizational process. The implications of the human relation theories have deterred the management accounting practices (Burchell, 2003). The human relation is regarded as the multidimensional "as this approach placed emphasis on the individual and the organization, motivation, supervisory and management leadership, group dynamics, and organizational development" (Carpenter, 2001). Douglas McGregor proposed Theory X and Theory Y, as per which the human relations is not applicable at organizations "with management’s autocratic approach with supporting

Essay on Attempts to Communicate in The Yellow Wallpaper

Attempts to Communicate in The Yellow Wallpaper Human nature is complex. Its requirements to remain healthy supersede those basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing. It is human to desire attention, companionship, to communicate heart-felt sentiments, and to be understood. In order to acquire self-esteem and to battle loneliness, one naturally searches to have these desires satisfied. Charlotte Perkins Gilman vividly illustrates these human aspirations in The Yellow Wallpaper. Subsequently she paints a horrific picture of someone who fails in her quest. These elements of this short story render it to be, for any reader who has experienced these hungers, an intensely personal experience. The heroine of this tale knows that she is not well, and the fact that medical authorities contradict her self-diagnosis frustrates her. She concedes that her husband should be more knowledgeable than her about her condition. This undermines her self-confidence in being able to evaluate herself. "If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporarily nervous depression - a slight hysterical tendency - what is one to do?" Another acceptable title for this short story could be "John says". Many of her feelings and much of her behavior are reactions to what John says. Her attempts to assuage her anxiety generally meet opposition by her husband. She offers suggestions to remedy her condition: "- But John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad." She expresses her uneasiness about the house: "...but he said... ... more careful! Did not that sound innocent? But I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself!" And she is prepared to protect her world even if it requires resorting to violence: "But I am here, and no person touches this paper but me, - not alive!" The Yellow Wallpaper is poignant. The heroine is in desperate need of attention, a need that is never adequately met. Although the dramatization of her development may appear extreme, considering the fact that she probably had a preexisting condition of mental instability permits the outcome to be acceptable. Although the average reader may not be able to relate to the demise of the heroine, most can understand the frustration and anxiety which accompany restrictions, the feeling of not being understood, insecurities and loneliness.

Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison Invisible Man Ess

Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man A twisted coming-of-age story, Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man follows a tormented, nameless protagonist as he struggles to discover himself in the context of the racially charged 1950s. Ellison uses the question of existence â€Å"outside† history as a vehicle to show that identity cannot exist in a vacuum, but must be shaped in response to others. To live outside history is to be invisible, ignored by the writers of history: â€Å"For history records the patterns of men’s lives†¦who fought and who won and who lived to lie about it afterwards† (439). Invisibility is the central trait of the protagonist’s identity, embodied by the idea of living outside history. Ellison uses the idea of living outside the scope of history as way to illustrate the main character’s process of self-awakening, to show that identity is contradictory and to mimic the structural movement of the novel. Ellison’s protagonist asks on the day of Tod Clifton’s death, â€Å"Where were the historians today? And how would they put it down?† (439). With these inquiries he begins to question his own identity and position relative to history. Once the Invisible Man accepts that he too exists outside of history, he steps outside the novel into the prologue and epilogue, a point from which he recognizes, internalizes and verbalizes his invisibility. The Invisible Man never considers that he might live outside of history because he typically identifies with white people who both live inside of history and are the recorders of history. While chauffeuring Mr. Norton, he proclaims, â€Å"I identified myself with the rich man reminiscing on the rear seat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (39). In contrast to the â€Å"inevitable collection of white men and women in smiles, clear of feature... ...hereas in the main text he blames Clifton for â€Å"plunging outside history.† The framing of the novel reveals the contradictory nature of identity because Ellison uses the prologue and epilogue to show that the main text could not exist on its own. The protagonist’s story must be narrated by a wiser version of himself, showing that each identity is dependent on the other. Finally, despite the Invisible Man’s initial claim to a solid identity, the epilogue does not portray a character who has completely solidified his identity. When the Invisible Man advises that â€Å"the mind that has conceived a plan of living must never lose sight of the chaos against which that pattern was conceived† (580), he warns that it is foolish to attempt to define such fluid concepts as identity in strict and unyielding terms, thus allowing for the contradictions identity presents in the novel.

Positive Effect of Technology Essay

Despite the claims that technology is to blame for many of the world’s ecological problems, technology has also served to improve the shape of our planet. Since the rise of technology in the workplace, numerous ICT companies have been designing â€Å"greener technology† to combat the detrimental effect that computers and their accompanying technology have on the environment. One of the best known organizations is the Green Grid. (Courtney 49) The Green Grid is an organization that consists of IT companies and professionals from around the world. (Courtney, p. 49) The Green Grid is devising ways to improve the way energy is consumed by IT oriented businesses and their offices. (Courtney 49) One of the biggest achievements of the Green Grid is the Power Usage Effectiveness or, PUE, metric system. This system records data center energy consumption. How it works is by recording the energy consumption of a data center or mainframe server every 15 minutes. By recording in these 15 minute increments it helps those monitoring the data to notice if there are any energy fluctuations and if the data center systems are using an adequate amount of energy. (Courtney 49) The long term goal of the Green Grid is to introduce a standard system that allows business managers and IT operatives to compare the amount of the energy they are consuming and if necessary resolve ways to reduce it. (Courtney 49) Another technology that is having positive impacts on the environment is low carbon technology. (Xie 1593) Low carbon technology is a form of technology that has been developed in China. Largely developed because of China’s low carbon footprint in comparison to other developing countries, the low carbon technology aims to offset the amount of emissions polluting the air by using renewable fossil fuels. (Xie 1594) China is a low carbon eco nomy for two main reasons. First, the number of people that own a car is far lower than the national average of a country like the United States. Currently the majority of China’s inhabitants use public transport or bicycles to get around. Second is the high amount of renewable fossil fuels that the country utilizes in its factory productions. (Xie 1594) Fossil fuels are used because of their high energy efficiency and their extremely low emissions. Carbon is not emitted when fossil fuels are used and therefore, many of the Chinese factories run on renewable energy that is created from fossil fuels. (Xie 1594) For other countries to develop effective low carbon technologies, they will need to have a different  approach to their resources than China. This is because many of the other countries will have different environments and different natural resources to hand. (Xie 1595) China’s main resource is its extensive supply of coal which it readily burns as a source of renewable fossil fuel. China has a rich resource of renewable energy and is able to not only exploit its coal resources for the time being, but also its large amount of renewable hydroelectricity. (Xie 1595) These renewable resources, if managed properly will go a long way into creating a low carbon future for China. (Xie 1596) Other countries can also diversify into new low carbon options, thanks to the advances in technology. Bio-fuels, solar power and wind power are no longer science fiction but science fact. They are more than capable of replacing some of the energy resources currently used that produce harmful gases. (Xie 1596) These new developments towards a low carbon future are only possible through our advancements in modern technology and are one way that technology is having a positive and beneficial effect on the environment. One obvious way that technology is helping the ecology of the planet is by reducing the need for paper. With the ever increasing use of email and electronic communication , paperless offices are now a common occurrence in companies. (Jorgenson and Jorgenson 364) Reducing the need for paper in turn reduces the demand for logging and deforestation, allowing richer lands to create a smaller footprint. (Kilian 366) The development of green technologies such as PC power management systems and multi-function devices allows a business that relies heavily on technology to reduce the amount of energy it consumes. (Courtney 51) An office can become more environmentally sound if it employs many of the new energy reducing technologies that are readily available and incorporates them with or eco-friendly practices such as turning off excess lights and using less paper. Jorgenson and Jorgenson 365) According to current statistics, putting energy management systems into practice can save a company a huge amount in energy consumption. (Courtney 50) For example, a company consolidates its 100 physical computer servers into less than 20 servers that operated virtual server software. It not only saves potentially hundreds of thousands of dollars in server replacements and repairs, it also saves over 600,000 kilowatts of energy. (Courtney 51) Another example is the replacement of laser printers with multi-function devices. Multi-function devices usually  incorporate a printer, fax machine and photocopier all in one system. This not only saves space but saves the amount of electronic hardware that is permanently on standby in an office. (Courtney 51) Using five multi-function devices in an office instead of five printers, a photocopier and a fax machine are going to enable the office to be more productive and save the company even more in energy consumption. (Courtney 51) This is because instead of a minimum of 7 different machines being on permanent standby, the office will have a maximum of 5 on standby. This is enough to make a significant difference in the office power consumption and also enables more than one person at a time to fax or photocopy. (Courtney 51) Also the amount of repair costs will be reduced as only one product would necessarily need replacing or fixing instead of a potential of 3 different products.